Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.
tornadoes mitch hedberg secret service scandal shea weber greystone sidney crosby at the drive in
Monday, December 31, 2012
Video: Panel weighs in on productivity of 112th Congress
A Second Take on Meeting the Press: From an up-close look at Rachel Maddow's sneakers to an in-depth look at Jon Krakauer's latest book ? it's all fair game in our "Meet the Press: Take Two" web extra. Log on Sundays to see David Gregory's post-show conversations with leading newsmakers, authors and roundtable guests. Videos are available on-demand by 12 p.m. ET on Sundays.
Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3032608/vp/50324146#50324146
Dave Brubeck Duck Dynasty New Orleans Pelicans frankie muniz today show powerball katt williams
Type 'sell' into Google Finance and take a bite out of Apple: It's not clear why, exactly, this is happening, but as of this writing, if you type 'sell' into Google Finance, you get Apple's rather sullen stock chart. Algorithmic slip-up? Or gremlinesque An
| Home | Apple Stock | Tracked Sites | TechNN | | E-Mail | Sherlock Plugin Close Left Panel | Login | Subscribe to MacSurfer's Headline News Poll | Most Popular | Talking Heads | A Year Ago Today | Checked 10:45 PM; Last Updated 9:30 PM CST; 03:30 GMT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Do you agree that Apple shares are unequivocally cheap?
Cast your vote in "Today's Poll..." in the left column below or go straight to the results here. WEEKEND BLOWOUT: Every NEW or RENEWING paid subscriber receives 2 YEARS FREE.... Weekend Highlights: Foss Patents reports that the ITC Judge wants Samsung to post a bond for 88 percent of its U.S. smartphone sales due to the Apple patent case; The Macalope considers small sample sizes; Insanely Great Mac updates a video review of results of charging iOS devices with the newest 12v charger, with interesting results; Rocco Pendola at TheStreet on the massive opportunity yet to be realized with Apple's million-dollar-per-day retail stores; MacNewsWorld's John Mello clarifies reports claiming Tim Cook's pay was cut 99%, when in actuality his base pay was raised by 51%; Macworld reviews the big Apple news stories of 2012; it seems that Apple's lack of online reviews are what brought down their online customer satisfaction score, which is still a respectable 80; $15 billion is what Samsung may be forced to pay for its attempt to ban Apple products in the EU; Apple had a huge Christmas according to Distimo, seeing an 87% increase in App Store downloads; report from Ina Fried over at AllThingsD says developers finding it more difficult to obtain app loyalty; Google's YouTube and Maps apps topped list of most downloaded apps on December 25th; former Apple designer reveals early product prototypes featuring some very interesting designs; LG seeking to ban Samsung's Galaxy Note for patent infringement; sending a quake of concern through ultrabook vendors, MacBook Air rumored to feature new processor platform in 2013 while retaining same design?reports in our Hardware/Software section; and apparently iDevice demand is so high that Apple's suppliers are going to keep working through the Chinese New Year; PC Magazine reviews Flickr for iPhone; PadGadget offers advice on finding accessories for your new iPad, iPad mini; Charles Moore discusses the pros/cons of buying Apple's extended AppleCare warranty for your devices; tablets now disposable commodity? This weekend's MacUpdate Promo offers 82% savings on Strata Design 3D CX & Foto 3D CX 7. "Strata Design 3D CX and Foto 3D CX are the ultimate pairing when it comes to 3D rendering and animation. Foto 3D CX has the power to turn any set of images into a textured 3D rendering of real-life objects. While Strata Design 3D CX allows you to bring your imagination to life with gorgeous textures, lighting effects, and animation." | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
More Memory = A Faster Mac. OWC Has Memory Upgrades For All Mac Desktops & Laptops - Prices Dropped For The Holidays! Free Shipping on All Memory Orders Over $25! Macsales.com
Source: http://www.macsurfer.com/redirr.php?u=751266
abercrombie abercrombie ohio state football cyber monday lupus iCarly banana republic
Saturday's local college basketball roundup: ODU women rout S.C. State
10:06 p.m. EST, December 29, 2012
Women's basketball: Shae Kelley had 20 points, 14 rebounds and four blocks to lead Old Dominion past South Carolina State 79-63 Saturday at the Constant Center.Jackie Cook added 16 points for the Lady Monarchs (9-2), who began the second half on an 11-0 run to pull away from a 34-29 halftime lead. ODU stretched its lead to as many as 25 points with 10 minutes left.
More womenTabb High alum Tia Perry scored 12 points and Camry Green added 12 points and 11 rebounds to help CNU (9-0) stay unbeaten with a 71-48 win at St. Mary?s (Md.). ...
Ataira Franklin had 12 points and nine rebounds to lead Virginia past Xavier 54-45 in the Cavalier Classic championship game. ...
Batavia Owens led Norfolk State with eight points, but the Spartans lost 69-38 to Northern Illinois in a Cavalier Classic consolation game. ...
Tysheka Simpson led Apprentice with 17 points and Shanae Hilliard added 13, but the Lady Builders lost to The College of New Jersey 73-51 at York (Pa.).
Men
Marcus Thornton led William and Mary with 21 points and six assists, but the Tribe?s four-game winning streak ended with a 73-66 loss at Purdue. ...
DeShawn Painter led ODU with 16 points, but the Monarchs lost 55-54 to Fairfield at the Ted Constant Center. ODU led by 10 with 8:23 left in the game. Marcus Gilbert?s free throw with 2:39 left broke a 52-52 tie and gave Fairfield the lead for good. ...
Troy Daniels scored 27 points to lead VCU past Fairleigh Dickinson 96-67. ...
Pendarvis Williams had 15 points and seven rebounds and Rashid Gaston added 12 points and seven rebounds for Norfolk State, but the Spartans lost 74-63 at East Carolina.
NOTE: Comments area is for meaningful discussion. Readers are reminded to post comments that are germane to the article and write in a common language that steers clear of personal attacks and/or vulgarities. Readers may report comments by clicking report abuse. Once a comment has been flagged, a Daily Press staffer will investigate.
duggars peter facinelli bobby rush supreme court justices 19 kids and counting danny o brien alicia silverstone
Sunday, December 30, 2012
Extreme Diet Hacking With Tech: How Cheesecake Made Me Leaner And Stronger With Carb Backloading
Never before have I binged so many delicious desserts, yet been stronger or more ripped. For 3 weeks, I experimented with a cult bodybuilding diet, Carb Backloading, which promises outcomes too good to be true: slam carbs at night after heavy lifting, get slimmer and build muscle. Like all web sensations, there aren't any large scale studies, and anecdotal reviews never properly control for all the right variables. Only a methodical body hacking experiment, with the latest gadgets and devices tracking calorie burn, fat loss, and training intensity, could legitimately test this dream diet. The results? Despite eating a thousand more calories a day--mostly comprised of sundaes and cheesecake--I've maintained my weight, have noticeable ab definition, and increased my strength an average of 37% over all muscle groups.Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/A23m26se6Tg/
joyful noise one life to live jeff fisher van der sloot heather locklear mlk memorial mlk memorial
Auburn postgame interviews - IlliniHQ Forums
Jump to content
Example#{example}"); ipb.editor_values.get('templates')['togglesource'] = new Template(""); ipb.editor_values.get('templates')['toolbar'] = new Template(""); ipb.editor_values.get('templates')['button'] = new Template("
Emoticons
"); // Add smilies into the mix ipb.editor_values.set( 'show_emoticon_link', false ); ipb.editor_values.set( 'bbcodes', $H({"acronym":{"id":"8","title":"Acronym","desc":"Allows you to make an acronym that will display a description when moused over","tag":"acronym","useoption":"1","example":"[acronym='Laugh Out Loud']lol[/acronym]","switch_option":"0","menu_option_text":"Enter the description for this acronym (EG: Laugh Out Loud)","menu_content_text":"Enter the acronym (EG: lol)","single_tag":"0","optional_option":"0","image":""},"entry":{"id":"35","title":"Blog Entry Link","desc":"This tag provides an easy way to link to a blog entry.","tag":"entry","useoption":"1","example":"[entry=100]Click me![/entry]","switch_option":"0","menu_option_text":"","menu_content_text":"","single_tag":"0","optional_option":"0","image":""},"blog":{"id":"34","title":"Blog Link","desc":"This tag provides an easy way to link to a blog.","tag":"blog","useoption":"1","example":"[blog=100]Click me![/blog]","switch_option":"0","menu_option_text":"","menu_content_text":"","single_tag":"0","optional_option":"0","image":""},"extract":{"id":"33","title":"Extract Blog Entry","desc":"This will allow users to define an extract for an entry. Only this piece of the entry will be displayed on the main blog page and will show up in the RSS feed.","tag":"extract","useoption":"0","example":"[extract]This is an example![/extract]","switch_option":"0","menu_option_text":"","menu_content_text":"","single_tag":"0","optional_option":"0","image":""},"hr":{"id":"12","title":"Horizontal Rule","desc":"Adds a horizontal rule to separate text","tag":"hr","useoption":"0","example":"[hr]","switch_option":"0","menu_option_text":"","menu_content_text":"","single_tag":"1","optional_option":"0","image":""},"html":{"id":"15","title":"HTML Code","desc":"Allows you to enter formatted/syntax-highlighted HTML code","tag":"html","useoption":"0","example":"[html][/html]","switch_option":"0","menu_option_text":"","menu_content_text":"","single_tag":"0","optional_option":"0","image":""},"member":{"id":"31","title":"Member","desc":"Given a member name, a link is automatically generated to the member's profile","tag":"member","useoption":"1","example":"[member=admin] runs this site.","switch_option":"0","menu_option_text":"","menu_content_text":"","single_tag":"1","optional_option":"0","image":""},"post":{"id":"6","title":"Post Link","desc":"This tag provides an easy way to link to a post.","tag":"post","useoption":"1","example":"[post=1]Click me![/post]","switch_option":"0","menu_option_text":"Enter the Post ID","menu_content_text":"Enter the title for this link","single_tag":"0","optional_option":"0","image":""},"snapback":{"id":"1","title":"Post Snap Back","desc":"This tag displays a little linked image which links back to a post - used when quoting posts from the board. Opens in same window by default.","tag":"snapback","useoption":"0","example":"[snapback]100[/snapback]","switch_option":"0","menu_option_text":"","menu_content_text":"","single_tag":"0","optional_option":"0","image":""},"spoiler":{"id":"7","title":"Spoiler","desc":"Spoiler tag","tag":"spoiler","useoption":"0","example":"[spoiler]Some hidden text[/spoiler]","switch_option":"0","menu_option_text":"","menu_content_text":"Enter the text to be masked","single_tag":"0","optional_option":"0","image":""},"topic":{"id":"5","title":"Topic Link","desc":"This tag provides an easy way to link to a topic","tag":"topic","useoption":"1","example":"[topic=1]Click me![/topic]","switch_option":"0","menu_option_text":"Enter the topic ID","menu_content_text":"Enter the title for this link","single_tag":"0","optional_option":"0","image":""},"twitter":{"id":"36","title":"Twitter","desc":"A tag to link to a user's twitter account","tag":"twitter","useoption":"0","example":"[twitter]userName[/twitter]","switch_option":"0","menu_option_text":"","menu_content_text":"","single_tag":"0","optional_option":"0","image":"twitter.png"}}) ); ipb.vars['emoticon_url'] = "http://forums.illinihq.com/public/style_emoticons/default"; //Search Setup ipb.vars['search_type'] = 'forum'; ipb.vars['search_type_id'] = 2; ipb.vars['search_type_2'] = 'topic'; ipb.vars['search_type_id_2'] = 25839; // Delete stuff set up ipb.topic.deleteUrls['hardDelete'] = new Template("http://forums.illinihq.com/index.php?app=forums&module=moderate§ion=moderate&do=04&f=2&t=25839&st=&auth_key=880ea6a14ea49e853634fbdc5015a024&p=#{pid}"); ipb.topic.deleteUrls['softDelete'] = new Template("http://forums.illinihq.com/index.php?app=forums&module=moderate§ion=moderate&do=postchoice&tact=sdelete&t=25839&f=2&auth_key=880ea6a14ea49e853634fbdc5015a024&selectedpids[#{pid}]=#{pid}&pid=#{pid}"); //]]> #1 
? rob mccolley?
- Group: Members
- Joined: 14-April 11
Posted Yesterday, 05:36 PM
0
#2 ? rob mccolley?
- Group: Members
- Joined: 14-April 11
Posted Yesterday, 05:37 PM
0
#3 
? Tempo34?
- Group: Members
- Joined: 01-August 08
Posted Yesterday, 10:10 PM
Thanks as always, Rob!
0
#4 ? SoCal Illini Fan?
- Group: Members
- Joined: 07-November 09
Posted Yesterday, 11:20 PM
Thank you for posting these. Don't get to listen to the post game shows most of the time.
0
Share this topic:
Source: http://forums.illinihq.com/topic/25839-auburn-postgame-interviews/
Spain Vs Italy Euro 2012 tiger woods erin andrews erin andrews Pepco tour de france Magic Mike
Hilarious News Blooper Compilation For 2012 (VIDEOS)
Hilarious News Blooper Compilation For 2012 (VIDEOS)
Hilarious News Blooper Compilation For 2012 (VIDEOS) Stupid Celebrities Gossip Stupid Celebrities Gossip News
Source: http://stupidcelebrities.net/2012/12/hilarious-news-blooper-compilation-for-2012-videos/
texas tornado fantasy baseball jared sullinger jaleel white levi johnston 2013 srt viper scott walker recall
Saturday, December 29, 2012
India charges six gang-rape suspects with murder
Rafiq Maqbool / AP
Indians hold placards during a gathering to mourn the death of a 23-year-old gang rape victim in Mumbai, India, on Saturday.
By NBC News wire services
NEW DELHI -- Six suspects held in connection with the rape of a woman in India have been charged with murder after she died on Saturday of injuries sustained in the attack, police said.
"They have been charged (with murder)," said Rajan Bhagat, a spokesman for New Delhi police.
The woman, who was gang-raped on a New Delhi bus on December 16, died in a hospital in Singapore. The attack has sparked protests and a national debate about violence against women.
The suspects in the rape -- five men aged between 20 and 40, and a juvenile -- were arrested within hours of the attack.
Many Indians have called for the death penalty for those responsible.
India gang-rape victim dies in hospital; case focused attention on sexual violence
Bracing for a new wave of protests, Indian authorities closed 10 metro stations and banned vehicles from some main roads in the heart of New Delhi, where demonstrators have converged since the attack to demand improved women's rights. About 100 people staged a peaceful protest on Saturday morning.
The 23-year-old medical student, severely beaten, raped and thrown out of a moving bus in New Delhi two weeks ago, had been flown to Singapore in a critical condition by the Indian government on Thursday for specialist treatment.
The attack has sparked an intense national debate for the first time about the treatment of women and attitudes toward sex crimes in a country where most rapes go unreported, many offenders go unpunished and the wheels of justice turn slowly, according to social activists.
"We are very sad to report that the patient passed away peacefully at 4:45 a.m. on Dec 29, 2012 (3:45 p.m. ET Friday). Her family and officials from the High Commission (embassy) of India were by her side," Mount Elizabeth Hospital Chief Executive Officer Kelvin Loh said in a statement.
The 23-year-old who was gang-raped in New Delhi and thrown from a bus has died from her injuries in Singapore, where she was being treated. NBC's Natalie Morales reports.
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said he was deeply saddened by the death and described the emotions associated with her case as "perfectly understandable reactions from a young India and an India that genuinely desires change.
"It would be a true homage to her memory if we are able to channelize these emotions and energies into a constructive course of action," Singh said in a statement.
The woman, who has not been identified, and a male friend were returning home from the cinema by bus on the evening of December 16 when, media reports say, six men on the bus beat them with metal rods and repeatedly raped the woman. The male friend survived the attack.
Body to be returned home
T.C.A. Raghavan, the Indian high commissioner to Singapore, told reporters hours after the woman's death that a chartered aircraft would fly her body back to India on Saturday, along with members of her family. The woman's body had earlier been put into a van at the hospital and driven away.
PhotoBlog: Police try to temper outrage over gang rape
Indian media had also accused the government of sending her to Singapore to minimize any backlash in the event of her death but Raghavan said it had been a medical decision intended to ensure she got the best treatment.
"She was unconscious throughout," Raghavan said of her time in Singapore. "She died because of the severe nature of the injuries."
Some Indian medical experts had questioned the decision to fly the woman to Singapore, calling it a risky maneuver given the severity of her injuries. They had said she was already receiving the best possible care in India.
On Friday, the Singapore hospital had said the woman's condition had taken a turn for the worse and she had suffered "significant brain injury." She had already undergone three abdominal operations before arriving in Singapore.
Ajit Solanki / AP
Indian schoolgirls hold placards during a prayer ceremony to mourn the death of a 23-year-old gang rape victim, at a school in Ahmadabad, India, on Saturday.
Home Minister Sushilkumar Shinde told Times Now television on Saturday the government was committed to ensuring "the severest possible punishment to all the accused at the earliest."
"It will not go in vain. We will give maximum punishment to the culprits. Not only to this, but in future also. This one incident has given a greater lesson," Shinde said.
He said earlier the government was considering the death penalty for rape in very rare cases. Murder carries the death penalty.
Reuters contributed to this report.
More world stories from NBC News:
Follow World News from NBCNews.com on Twitter and Facebook
?
protect ip act jim caldwell internet blackout jessica capshaw seattle times seattle times walker recall
NBA standings 2012: Pacers maintain a one-game lead on Chicago in the Central
Indiana wins fourth straight game Friday, holding off the Bulls and Bucks, who trail by one game in the Central division.
Indiana stayed hot Friday night, defeating Phoenix 97-91 in the first game the Pacers played since being snowed out of a Dec. 26 game against Chicago.
The Bulls have been idle since then, and saw Indiana's Central division lead grow to a full game over them.
George Hill scored 22 points to lead the Pacers (17-12) to their fourth straight win Friday. David West added 14 points and seven rebounds, as the Pacers have won seven of their last eight games.
The Bulls (15-12), meanwhile, have lost two straight heading into Saturday's game against Washington in Chicago.
Milwaukee's 108-93 win over Brooklyn Dec. 26 kept them even with Chicago at 15-12, as they host Miami Saturday.
Detroit (10-22) upset the Heat Friday, 109-99, and find themselves the winners of three of their last four games. Will Bynum had 25 points and 10 assists off the bench in the win. The Pistons will host the Bucks Sunday.
Cleveland's two-game winning streak came to an end with a 102-94 loss to Atlanta Friday. The Cavaliers (7-24) are at Brooklyn Saturday.
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Source: http://chicago.sbnation.com/chicago-bulls/2012/12/29/3814412/2012-nba-standings-central
missing reese witherspoon pregnant billy joel bent new york jets etch a sketch romney sean payton
Scientists home in on cause of osteoarthritis pain
Dec. 27, 2012 ? Researchers at Rush University Medical Center, in collaboration with researchers at Northwestern University, have identified a molecular mechanism central to the development of osteoarthritis (OA) pain, a finding that could have major implications for future treatment of this often-debilitating condition.
"Clinically, scientists have focused on trying to understand how cartilage and joints degenerate in osteoarthritis. But no one knows why it hurts," said Dr. Anne-Marie Malfait, associate professor of biochemistry and of internal medicine at Rush, who led the study. An article describing the research was published in the Dec. 11 print version of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Joint pain associated with OA has unique clinical features that provide insight into the mechanisms that cause it. First, joint pain has a strong mechanical component: It is typically triggered by specific activities (for example, climbing stairs elicits knee pain) and is relieved by rest. As structural joint disease advances, pain may also occur in rest. Heightened sensitivity to pain, including mechanical allodynia (pain caused by a stimulus that does not normally evoke pain, such as lightly brushing the skin with a cotton swab), and reduced pain-pressure thresholds are features of OA.
Malfait and her colleagues took a novel approach to unraveling molecular pathways of OA pain in a surgical mouse model exhibiting the slow, chronically progressive development of the disease. The study was conducted longitudinally, that is, the researchers were able to monitor development of both pain behaviors and molecular events in the sensory neurons of the knee and correlate the data from repeated observations over an extended period.
"This method essentially provides us with a longitudinal 'read-out' of the development of OA pain and pain-related behaviors, in a mouse model" Malfait said.
The researchers assessed development of pain-related behaviors and concomitant changes in dorsal root ganglia (DRG), nerves that carry signals from sensory organs toward the brain. They found that a chemokine known as monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (CCL2) and its receptor, chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), are central to the development of pain associated with knee OA.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 regulates migration and infiltration of monocytes into tissues where they replenish infection-fighting macrophages. Previous research has shown that MCP-1/CCR2 are central in pain development following nerve injury.
In the study, following surgery the laboratory mice developed mechanical allodynia that lasted 16 weeks. Levels of MCP-1, CCR2 mRNA and protein were temporarily elevated, and neuronal signaling activity increased in the DRG at eight weeks after surgery. This result correlated with the presentation of movement-provoked pain behaviors (for instance, mice with OA travelled less distance, when monitored overnight, and climbed less often on the lid of their cage -- suggesting that they avoid movement that triggers pain) which were maintained up to 16 weeks.
Mice that lack Ccr2 (knockout mice) also developed mechanical allodynia, but this began to resolve from eight weeks onward. Despite having severe allodynia and structural knee joint damage equal to that in normal mice, Ccr2-knockout mice did not develop movement-provoked pain behaviors at eight weeks.
To confirm the key role of CCR2 signaling in development of the observed movement-provoked pain behavior after surgery, the researchers administered a CCR2 receptor-blocker to normal mice at nine weeks after surgery and found that this reversed the decrease in distance traveled, that is, movement-provoked pain behavior.
Interestingly, levels of MCP-1 and CCR2 returned to baseline or lower by 16 weeks in mice exhibiting movement-provoked pain behaviors. This finding may suggest that the MCP-1/CCR2 pathway is involved only in the initiation of changes in the DRG, but once macrophages are present, the process is no longer dependent on increased MCP-1/CCR2.
"Increased expression of both MCP-1 and its receptor CCR2 may mediate increased pain signaling through direct excitation of DRG neurons, as well as through attracting macrophages to the DRG," the researchers said.
"This is an important contribution to the field of osteoarthritis research. Rather than looking at the cartilage breakdown pathway in osteoarthritis, Dr. Malfait and her colleagues are looking at the pain pathway, and this can take OA research in to a novel direction that can lead to new pain remedies in the future," said Dr. Joshua Jacobs, professor and chairman of orthopedic surgery at Rush University Medical Center.
Treatment of OA in the United States costs almost $200 billion annually. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it is expected that by 2030 nearly 70 million adults in the U.S. will have been diagnosed with some form of arthritis.
According to the Arthritis Foundation, an estimated 27 million Americans live with OA, but, despite the frequency of the disease, its cause is still not completely known and there is no cure. In fact, many different factors may play a role in whether or not you get OA, including age, obesity, injury or overuse and genetics.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the oldest and most common forms of arthritis and is a chronic condition characterized by the breakdown of the joint's cartilage. Cartilage is the part of the joint that cushions the ends of the bones and allows easy movement of joints. The breakdown of cartilage causes the bones to rub against each other, causing stiffness, pain and loss of movement in the joint.
Malfait's co-researchers on this study were Rush scientists Rachel E. Miller. PhD, Phuoong B. Tran, PhD, Rosalina Das, and Nayereh Ghoreishi-Haack, and Dr. Richard J. Miller, PhD, and Dongjun Ren from Northwestern University.
Share this story on Facebook, Twitter, and Google:
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
Story Source:
The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Rush University Medical Center.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
- R. E. Miller, P. B. Tran, R. Das, N. Ghoreishi-Haack, D. Ren, R. J. Miller, A.-M. Malfait. CCR2 chemokine receptor signaling mediates pain in experimental osteoarthritis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012; 109 (50): 20602 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1209294110
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/OsgbDFVFGqI/121227173053.htm
carl hagelin triple play james neal jackie robinson virginia tech emancipation proclamation april 16
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)